1. Obtain a passport. Passports can be obtained at post offices around the country. Many countries have reciprocal Visa arrangements with Japan, but American travelers staying in Japan longer than 90 days must obtain a travel Visa.
2. Reserve accommodation. You should do this at least one or two months if you want to be able to choose a nice place. There are many types of places to stay here in Japan but basically there are three main types: western hotel, ryokan (Traditional Japanese) and guesthouses. The cheapest option are guesthouses, but what I recommend is to try all types.
3. Transport in Japan. Trains in Japan are amazing, you can go wherever with them. Think that in Japan there are many train lines, and dozens of private railway companies, sometimes it can be a little bit confusing. The best way to travel is to use JR (Japan Railways). The cheapest way is to buy a Japan Rail Pass, it’s a flat rate ticket that you to use with any JR train in Japan. You can only buy Japan Rail Pass outside of Japan.
4. Learn a little bit Japanese. Japanese is a complex and multi-faceted language, Learn four words in Japanese ARIGATOU (THANKS), SUMIMASEN (EXCUSE ME), KONNICHIWA (HELLO), ONEGAI SHIMASU(PLEASE), these will be very useful to start a “conversation” and ask for an address pointing to a map or whatever.
5. Exchange your currency for yen. Credit cards can be used at larger hotels and restaurants, as well as most ATMs for a surcharge, but many smaller stores and shops in rural areas will require cash yen. Traveler's checks can be redeemed for yen at most banks.
6. Research tourist hot spots. There are many popular tourist destinations in Japan, including Kyoto Palace, one of the Imperial palaces of Japan. Mount Fuji, Japan's highest mountain, is another popular destination. Make sure you are well informed as to all the options available to you when preparing for your trip.
7. Make sure you have clothing appropriate to the time of year in which you are visiting Japan. Winter temperatures in Japan are an average of 41 degrees Fahrenheit or 5 degrees Celsius, which will require heavy coats, gloves, and sweaters for travelers. Summers have an average temperature of 77 Fahrenheit or 22 Celsius, which points to lighter clothing, such as shorts and t-shirts. The rainy season lasts from May to mid-July, so be sure to pack an umbrella, poncho or other rain gear, or else be prepared to purchase them.
credit: http://www.wikihow.com/Prepare-for-a-Trip-to-Japan
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